Rich Braman
73 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
73 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
Principles of Insecticide Mode of Action | Dr. Michael Scharf | GTBOP Structural Pest Control Webinar Series
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Dr. Michael Scharf of Purdue University presents a comprehensive overview of insecticide classification and mode of action for pest management professionals. Scharf covers insect physiology fundamentals, the key-and-lock relationship between insecticides and target sites, and nine insecticide classifications — five neurotoxic and four non-neurotoxic. The presentation concludes with practical factors affecting performance including formulations, pest behavior, sanitation, and resistance management. Q&A moderated by Dr. Dan Suiter.
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Presented: October 18, 2017
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Series: Getting the Best of Pests — Structural Pest Control Webinar Series
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Host: UGA Center for Urban Agriculture
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CEU Credits: GA — 2 HPC (Cat 35)
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TIMESTAMPS
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0:00 Introduction and Speaker Credentials
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1:45 Why Understanding Mode of Action Matters
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6:03 Presentation Outline
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7:13 Additional Resources — PCT Article and UGA Publication
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8:26 Insect Physiology Overview — Nervous System, Cuticle, Gut, Trachea, Muscles
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14:02 Insecticide Classification Basics — Chemical Structure
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16:01 Target Site and Mode of Action — Key and Lock Analogy
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17:51 Four Basic Modes of Action — Stimulation, Blockage, Modulation, Inhibition
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19:41 The LD50 Concept and Mammalian Safety
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22:46 Overview of Neurotoxic and Non-Neurotoxic Classifications
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23:36 The Insect Nervous System — Neurons, Synapses, Neurotransmitters
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26:45 Neurophysiology Demonstration — Fipronil and Nerve Excitation
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28:40 Nervous System Target Sites — Roadmap of Ion Channels and Receptors
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32:24 Sodium Channel Insecticides — Pyrethroids, Indoxacarb, Metaflumizone
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34:12 Chloride Channel Insecticides — Fipronil, Isoxazolines, Abamectin
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36:20 Acetylcholine Receptor Insecticides — Nicotinoids, Sulfoximines, Spinosyns
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37:28 Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors — Organophosphates and Carbamates
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38:04 Combination Products — Nicotinoid-Pyrethroid Potentiation
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39:07 Non-Neurotoxic Insecticides Overview
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40:02 Muscular Calcium Channel Agents — Diamides
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41:42 Insect Growth Regulators — JH Analogs and Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors
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45:18 Inhibitors of Energy Production — Hydramethylnon, Chlorfenapyr, Fumigants
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46:56 Cuticle Dehydrating Dusts — Silica Gel and Diatomaceous Earth
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48:15 Factors Affecting Insecticide Efficacy
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48:46 Stability, Persistence, and Formulations
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51:02 Pest Behavior — Secondary and Tertiary Kill, Trophallaxis
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53:04 Sanitation and IPM
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54:19 Resistance Management — Rotation Strategies
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56:30 Summary Points
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57:44 Additional Resources
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57:53 Q&A — Combination Product Resistance
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59:53 Q&A — Flow of New Active Ingredients to Market
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1:01:08 Q&A — Chlorantraniliprole and Non-Target Invertebrates
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1:01:40 Q&A — IRAC Classification System
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1:02:38 Q&A — Nicotinoids vs. Neonicotinoids
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1:03:43 Q&A — Oral vs. Dermal Toxicity Routes
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1:04:43 Q&A — Repellent vs. Non-Repellent Insecticides
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1:05:32 Q&A — Essential Oils and 25B Exempt Products
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
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Q: What are the four basic insecticide modes of action?
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A: All insecticides disrupt target sites through stimulation, blockage, modulation, or inhibition. Understanding these four mechanisms provides a framework for classifying any product a professional might encounter.
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Q: Why are diamide insecticides considered especially safe for mammals?
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A: Diamides target insect-specific muscular calcium channels. Their mammalian toxicity is so low that the EPA initially required no signal word, though manufacturers voluntarily adopted a "caution" label.
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Q: Why is resistance a major concern in cockroach management?
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A: Research has documented cockroaches surviving on bait as their sole food source for a month. Even combination products face dual resistance. Rotate active ingredients every three months or monthly.
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Q: How does the IRAC help pest management professionals?
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A: The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee classifies active ingredients by mode of action, helping professionals plan rotations between different target site groups rather than simply switching trade names.
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Q: What is the difference between repellent and non-repellent insecticides?
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A: The distinction largely comes down to pyrethroids versus everything else. Pyrethroids are highly detectable to insects — like "pepper spray" — while most other actives are not nearly as detectable.
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RESOURCES
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• Scharf & Suiter, "Insecticide Primer and Insecticide Mode of Action," PCT Magazine, 2011
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• Scharf & Suiter, "Insecticide Basics for the Pest Management Professional," UGA publication
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• IRAC Mode of Action Classification Chart: https://irac-online.org
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#PestManagement #Insecticides #ModeOfAction #CEU #StructuralPestControl #IPM #UGA #GTBOP
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