Add Stage 4 activities for Marble weed control session

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-03-17 14:28:17 -04:00
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+# GTBOP Moodle Matching Exercises
+## Weed Control in Ornamentals for the Nursery and Landscape — Dr. Chris Marble
+
+**Webinar Date:** July 13, 2023
+**Speaker:** Dr. Chris Marble, University of Florida
+**Series:** Green & Commercial
+**Source Documents:** Corrected SRT (618 blocks) + Archive Package (Stage 2)
+
+---
+
+### Matching Exercise 1: Post-Emergence Herbicide Products and Characteristics
+**Timestamp Reference:** 37:01 – 42:22 (primary coverage area)
+**Type:** Product-Characteristic
+
+**Instructions:** Match each herbicide or herbicide type in Column A with its correct characteristic described by Dr. Marble in Column B. Two items in Column B are distractors and will not be matched.
+
+| # | Column A | | Column B |
+|---|----------|-|----------|
+| 1 | Glyphosate (Ranger) | | a) Primarily contact-acting; broad-spectrum on broadleaves, grasses, and sedges |
+| 2 | Glufosinate (Finale/Cheetah) | | b) Systemic post-emergence herbicide; most common standard for spot spraying in landscape beds |
+| 3 | Diquat (Reward) | | c) Effective on Asteraceae family weeds and legumes; can be used in planting beds |
+| 4 | Acetic acid products | | d) Required the most follow-up applications in Dr. Marble's comparison study due to weaker initial control |
+| 5 | Desiccant-type alternatives (Axxe, Finalsan, FireWorxx) | | e) Pre-emergent herbicide applied to gravel production areas in nurseries |
+| 6 | Lontrel (clopyralid) | | f) Provided 60–90% burndown at two weeks but control dropped dramatically by four to eight weeks as weeds recovered |
+| 7 | Graminicides (Segment, Envoy, Fusilade, Acclaim) | | g) Work fast as desiccants with visible symptoms within 30 minutes; some are OMRI-certified for organic use |
+| | | | h) Affect only true grasses; can be applied over the top of hundreds of broadleaf ornamental species |
+| | | | i) Systemic herbicide that provides both pre- and post-emergence activity on bittercress |
+
+**Answer Key:**
+1 → b, 2 → a, 3 → d, 4 → f, 5 → g, 6 → c, 7 → h
+
+**Distractors:** e (describes Marengo, discussed in Q&A), i (describes Gallery/isoxaben characteristics)
+
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 447–531, ~37:01–43:50; Block 352 for Reward/diquat performance
+
+---
+
+### Matching Exercise 2: Pre-Emergence Herbicide Mode of Action Groups
+**Timestamp Reference:** 19:17 – 22:45 (primary coverage area)
+**Type:** Product-Category
+
+**Instructions:** Match each pre-emergent herbicide product or active ingredient in Column A with its correct mode of action group as discussed by Dr. Marble in Column B. One item in Column B is a distractor and will not be matched.
+
+| # | Column A | | Column B |
+|---|----------|-|----------|
+| 1 | Gallery (isoxaben) | | a) Group 14 — PPO inhibitor |
+| 2 | Indaziflam (Specticle/Marengo) | | b) Group 3 — Mitosis inhibitor |
+| 3 | SureGuard (flumioxazin) | | c) Group 29 — Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor |
+| 4 | FreeHand | | d) Group 21 — used in combination products with isoxaben |
+| 5 | Snapshot | | e) Group 15 — Very long chain fatty acid inhibitor |
+| 6 | Prodiamine/dithiopyr (Group 3 herbicides) | | f) Group 3 + 14 combination product |
+| | | | g) Group 3 + 21 combination product |
+
+**Answer Key:**
+1 → d, 2 → c, 3 → a, 4 → f, 5 → g, 6 → b
+
+**Distractor:** e (VLCFA inhibitor group — mentioned as Group 15 in the rotation chart but not matched to a specific product in this exercise)
+
+**Notes:** Dr. Marble color-coded his pre-emergence options chart by mode of action and explained that combination products contain two different herbicide groups. He specifically discussed Group 3 (mitosis inhibitors, represented by yellow) and Group 14 (PPO inhibitors, represented by orange) as the most common groups in ornamental herbicides. Indaziflam was identified as the sole Group 29 representative. The isoxaben combination products were identified as Group 21 plus 3 combinations.
+
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 225–268, ~19:17–22:46; Blocks 606–607 for Marengo/Specticle/indaziflam equivalency
+
+---
+
+### Matching Exercise 3: Weed Management Timing and Practice
+**Timestamp Reference:** 6:35 – 8:07 and 31:55 – 35:19 (primary coverage areas)
+**Type:** Timing-Practice
+
+**Instructions:** Match each weed management scenario in Column A with the recommended timing or practice described by Dr. Marble in Column B. Two items in Column B are distractors and will not be matched.
+
+| # | Column A | | Column B |
+|---|----------|-|----------|
+| 1 | Pre-emergent reapplication interval in nursery container production | | a) February to March in the Southeast |
+| 2 | Pre-emergent reapplication interval in landscape beds | | b) Apply when weeds are small and actively growing, before they flower and set seed |
+| 3 | If only making one pre-emergent application per year in the landscape | | c) Every 8 to 12 weeks |
+| 4 | Fall pre-emergent application timing in the landscape | | d) Two to three applications per year |
+| 5 | Optimal timing for post-emergence herbicide applications | | e) August to October, before cool-season weeds like chickweed and annual bluegrass germinate |
+| 6 | When targeting doveweed with a second landscape application | | f) Apply when weeds are large and stressed for maximum herbicide uptake |
+| 7 | Best time of day for post-emergence applications | | g) May to June, timed for this later-germinating warm-season species |
+| 8 | Avoiding injury from over-the-top pre-emergent applications | | h) Early morning on a clear, sunny day |
+| | | | i) Apply during periods of active new growth for maximum absorption |
+| | | | j) Avoid periods of tender new growth, bud swell, and high temperatures |
+
+**Answer Key:**
+1 → c, 2 → d, 3 → a, 4 → e, 5 → b, 6 → g, 7 → h, 8 → j
+
+**Distractors:** f (opposite of what Marble recommended — stressed weeds are harder to control), i (opposite of the injury-avoidance guidance — new growth increases susceptibility)
+
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 85–99 (~6:35–8:07) for nursery/landscape intervals; Blocks 104–112 (~8:20–9:11) for injury avoidance; Blocks 136–148 (~11:30–12:43) for post-emergence timing and time of day; Blocks 370–421 (~31:55–35:02) for landscape timing examples; Block 411 (~34:34) for doveweed timing
+
+---
+
+## Matching Exercises Summary
+
+| Exercise | Type | Pairs | Distractors | Transcript Coverage |
+|----------|------|:-----:|:-----------:|---------------------|
+| 1 | Product-Characteristic | 7 | 2 | 37:01–43:50 |
+| 2 | Product-Category (MOA) | 6 | 1 | 19:17–22:46 |
+| 3 | Timing-Practice | 8 | 2 | 6:35–8:07, 31:55–35:19 |
+
+**Source document:** Corrected SRT — GTBOP_Transcript_2023-07-13_WeedControlOrnamentals.srt (618 blocks)
+
+---
+
+*Generated for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / GTBOP Moodle Certificate Courses*
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+# GTBOP Moodle Quiz
+## Weed Control in Ornamentals for the Nursery and Landscape — Dr. Chris Marble
+
+**Webinar Date:** July 13, 2023
+**Speaker:** Dr. Chris Marble, University of Florida
+**Series:** Green & Commercial
+**Source Documents:** Corrected SRT (618 blocks) + Archive Package (Stage 2)
+
+---
+
+### Question 1
+**Timestamp Reference:** 1:36 – 3:54
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+According to Dr. Marble, what is the number one reason herbicides fail or cause plant injury when a labeled product is being used?
+
+a) Herbicide resistance in the weed population
+b) Applying during unfavorable weather conditions
+c) Poor calibration and application practices
+d) Using an expired herbicide product
+
+**Correct Answer:** c
+**Explanation:** Dr. Marble identified poor calibration and application practices as the number one reason herbicides fail, noting that some applicators were off by 50 to several hundred percent of the target rate during field measurements.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 28–56, ~1:36–3:54
+
+---
+
+### Question 2
+**Timestamp Reference:** 4:00 – 4:28
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+When Dr. Marble's team measured applicator accuracy at multiple Southeast locations, what percentage range did most people fall within of the target rate?
+
+a) Within 1–5 percent
+b) Within 10–20 percent
+c) Within 30–40 percent
+d) Within 50–60 percent
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble reported that most people were within 10 to 20 percent of the label rate, which he considered a good real-world result. However, some were off by a quarter of the rate or more.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 59–63, ~4:00–4:28
+
+---
+
+### Question 3
+**Timestamp Reference:** 6:35 – 7:46
+**Difficulty:** Application
+
+A nursery manager has just potted a new crop of woody ornamentals. When should pre-emergent herbicides first be applied?
+
+a) Immediately at potting before watering in
+b) After the plants are watered in and the soil has settled
+c) Two weeks after potting to allow root establishment
+d) Only after the first weeds appear in the containers
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble explained that in a nursery situation, pre-emergent herbicides are typically applied after potting once plants have been watered in and the soil is settled, to prevent exposed roots from contacting the herbicide.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 85–91, ~6:35–7:24
+
+---
+
+### Question 4
+**Timestamp Reference:** 8:20 – 9:28
+**Difficulty:** Application
+
+A landscape applicator plans to apply a pre-emergent herbicide over the top of ornamentals during a hot afternoon when plants are actively producing new growth. What is the most likely concern?
+
+a) The herbicide will break down too quickly in the heat
+b) Tender new growth is more susceptible to herbicide injury
+c) Pre-emergent herbicides are ineffective at high temperatures
+d) The soil will be too dry for proper herbicide activation
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble stressed that plants are most susceptible to injury during bud swell and when young foliage is developing, and that high temperatures further increase the risk of injury from over-the-top pre-emergent applications.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 104–113, ~8:20–9:28
+
+---
+
+### Question 5
+**Timestamp Reference:** 11:30 – 13:17
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+Which of the following environmental conditions does Dr. Marble say can reduce post-emergence herbicide performance?
+
+a) Several days of cloudy, overcast weather after application
+b) Applying to weeds during a period of rapid active growth
+c) High relative humidity at the time of application
+d) Applying in the early morning on a clear day
+
+**Correct Answer:** a
+**Explanation:** Marble stated that cloudy, overcast conditions for several days after application can delay or reduce the effects of post-emergence herbicides and reduce efficacy. He noted that applications on clear, sunny mornings tend to be more effective.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 147–148, ~12:21–12:43
+
+---
+
+### Question 6
+**Timestamp Reference:** 13:18 – 14:24
+**Difficulty:** Application
+
+A lawn care operator mows a landscape bed area and then immediately applies a systemic post-emergence herbicide to the remaining weed stems. What problem is most likely to occur?
+
+a) The herbicide will damage the surrounding ornamental plants
+b) The mowing removed leaf tissue needed for herbicide uptake and translocation
+c) The herbicide will be more effective because weeds are stressed
+d) Soil disturbance from mowing will activate weed seeds
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble explained that mowing soon before or after a post-emergence application can reduce efficacy because it removes the majority of the weed's leaf tissue, puts the weed into a semi-state of stress, and limits the herbicide's ability to translocate down to the roots for thorough control.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 165–171, ~13:57–14:25
+
+---
+
+### Question 7
+**Timestamp Reference:** 14:28 – 15:35
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+Dr. Marble ranked several factors that impact post-emergence herbicide performance. Which factor did he rank as MOST important?
+
+a) Time of day of application
+b) Adjuvant or surfactant selection
+c) Rate and inherent efficacy of the herbicide on the target weed
+d) Environmental conditions at the time of application
+
+**Correct Answer:** c
+**Explanation:** Marble ranked the rate and efficacy of the herbicide on the target weed as the most important factor, reasoning that if the herbicide doesn't work on that weed species, optimal environmental conditions or adjuvants won't compensate. Weed size ranked second, followed by environmental conditions, adjuvants, and time of day.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 172–186, ~14:28–15:35
+
+---
+
+### Question 8
+**Timestamp Reference:** 17:17 – 18:43
+**Difficulty:** Analysis
+
+A nursery used Gallery (isoxaben) exclusively for several years to control bittercress. They now have a severe crabgrass infestation. Based on Dr. Marble's presentation, what is the most likely explanation?
+
+a) The crabgrass developed resistance to Gallery
+b) Gallery is only effective on broadleaf weeds, allowing grass species to proliferate unchecked
+c) Gallery's residual activity decreased over time due to soil buildup
+d) Bittercress seeds were contaminated with crabgrass seed
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble used this exact example to illustrate why herbicide rotation matters. Gallery is only effective on broadleaves, so when the nursery used it exclusively, grass species were not controlled and their populations increased exponentially, eventually becoming a major problem.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 205–219, ~17:33–18:44
+
+---
+
+### Question 9
+**Timestamp Reference:** 18:48 – 25:10
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+In Dr. Marble's three-step process for choosing herbicides, what is the correct order of steps?
+
+a) Identify target weeds → select the cheapest option → apply at the highest labeled rate
+b) Determine what is labeled/safe for the ornamental → identify the target weed species → combine selections into a rotation plan
+c) Choose a mode of action group → find products in that group → check the ornamental safety label
+d) Identify the primary weed species → apply the most effective herbicide → rotate only if resistance develops
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble outlined three steps: first, determine which herbicides are labeled and safe for the ornamental species; second, identify the primary and secondary weed species by season; third, combine those into a year-round rotation using different modes of action.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 220–308, ~18:48–25:20
+
+---
+
+### Question 10
+**Timestamp Reference:** 23:01 – 25:06
+**Difficulty:** Application
+
+When selecting a pre-emergent herbicide using the efficacy charts Dr. Marble referenced, what rating should you look for on your PRIMARY weed species?
+
+a) Any rating, as long as the herbicide is labeled for the ornamental
+b) Fair (F) or better
+c) Good (G)
+d) It does not matter as long as the secondary species rating is good
+
+**Correct Answer:** c
+**Explanation:** Marble explained that for the primary weed species — the most important weed to control — you want a herbicide rated "good" (G) on the efficacy chart. For secondary species, a rating of "fair" (F) or better is acceptable.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 280–302, ~23:32–24:59
+
+---
+
+### Question 11
+**Timestamp Reference:** 27:34 – 31:06
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+In Dr. Marble's research comparing post-only versus pre-plus-post herbicide programs, by what percentage range was total herbicide active ingredient reduced when pre-emergent herbicides were included?
+
+a) 10 to 20 percent
+b) 20 to 30 percent
+c) 40 to 60 percent
+d) 70 to 80 percent
+
+**Correct Answer:** c
+**Explanation:** Marble's research showed that including pre-emergent herbicides like Specticle or SureGuard with post-emergence treatments reduced the total amount of herbicide active ingredient applied by 40 to 60 percent compared to using glyphosate or other post-emergence herbicides alone.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 356–358, ~30:27–31:06
+
+---
+
+### Question 12
+**Timestamp Reference:** 37:01 – 38:05
+**Difficulty:** Analysis
+
+Dr. Marble discussed the increasing restrictions on glyphosate use in certain counties and by HOAs in Florida. Based on his presentation, why is it important to have alternatives to glyphosate even if your sites have no restrictions on its use?
+
+a) Glyphosate is more expensive than alternative products
+b) Over-reliance on any single herbicide contributes to resistance development
+c) Glyphosate is no longer available for commercial purchase
+d) Alternative products provide faster visual results for clients
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble stated that the reason there are many glyphosate-resistant weeds is because it has been overused without enough rotation between different modes of action. He emphasized that professionals need alternatives regardless of restrictions, to prevent further resistance development.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 455–459, ~37:53–38:06
+
+---
+
+### Question 13
+**Timestamp Reference:** 38:08 – 39:00
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+What is the primary limitation of glufosinate (Finale/Cheetah) compared to glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide?
+
+a) It can only be used on grasses, not broadleaves
+b) It is primarily contact-acting and doesn't provide the same systemic control
+c) It requires a restricted-use pesticide license to purchase
+d) It cannot be used in landscape planting beds
+
+**Correct Answer:** b
+**Explanation:** Marble described glufosinate as similar to glyphosate in its broad-spectrum activity on broadleaves, grasses, and sedges, but noted that it is primarily contact action, meaning it doesn't translocate systemically through the plant the way glyphosate does.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 460–467, ~38:08–38:34
+
+---
+
+### Question 14
+**Timestamp Reference:** 42:23 – 43:50
+**Difficulty:** Application
+
+A landscape professional needs to control bermudagrass growing into a bed of azaleas and roses. Based on Dr. Marble's presentation, which type of selective herbicide would be the safest option for over-the-top application?
+
+a) A PPO-inhibiting pre-emergent herbicide
+b) A glufosinate-based non-selective spray, applied carefully
+c) A graminicide such as sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop, or fenoxaprop
+d) Basagran (bentazon) applied as a directed spray
+
+**Correct Answer:** c
+**Explanation:** Marble highlighted graminicides as underutilized tools that can be applied over the top of hundreds of broadleaf ornamental species. They affect only true grasses and are much safer than spot-treating with non-selective herbicides like glyphosate, which risks damaging the ornamentals.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 514–531, ~42:23–43:50
+
+---
+
+### Question 15
+**Timestamp Reference:** 45:52 – 47:59
+**Difficulty:** Recall
+
+What are the three signal word levels on pesticide labels, listed from lowest to highest toxicity?
+
+a) Caution, Warning, Danger/Poison
+b) Notice, Caution, Danger
+c) Warning, Caution, Restricted
+d) Low, Moderate, High
+
+**Correct Answer:** a
+**Explanation:** During the Q&A, Marble reviewed the three signal word levels: caution (lowest), warning (intermediate), and danger/poison (most dangerous). He noted these are based on different routes of toxicity including skin and eye exposure, and that higher signal words require more PPE and may carry restricted-use designations.
+**Source in transcript:** Blocks 575–587, ~46:51–48:02
+
+---
+
+## Quiz Summary
+
+| Difficulty | Count | Percentage |
+|------------|:-----:|:----------:|
+| Recall | 8 | 53% |
+| Application | 5 | 33% |
+| Analysis | 2 | 13% |
+
+**Coverage distribution:**
+- Early (0:00–17:00): Questions 1–7
+- Middle (17:00–35:00): Questions 8–11
+- Late (35:00–50:38): Questions 12–15
+
+**Source document:** Corrected SRT — GTBOP_Transcript_2023-07-13_WeedControlOrnamentals.srt (618 blocks)
+
+---
+
+*Generated for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / GTBOP Moodle Certificate Courses*
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# GTBOP Moodle Review Prompts
+## Weed Control in Ornamentals for the Nursery and Landscape — Dr. Chris Marble
+
+**Webinar Date:** July 13, 2023
+**Speaker:** Dr. Chris Marble, Associate Professor, University of Florida Mid-Florida Research and Education Center
+**Series:** Green & Commercial
+**Duration:** 50:38
+
+**Activity Type:** Timestamp-Linked Review Prompts
+**Source:** Corrected SRT (Stage 1) — `GTBOP_Transcript_2023-07-13_WeedControlOrnamentals.srt` (618 blocks)
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 1
+**Watch:** 1:36 – 6:34
+**Task:** Identify the number one reason herbicides fail according to Dr. Marble, and describe the range of rate errors his team measured at Southeast nursery and landscape operations.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Poor calibration as the primary cause of both poor weed control and plant injury
+- Most applicators were within 10–20% of label rate, but some were off by 50% to several hundred percent
+- Free UF-developed calibration tools and herbicide mixing calculators available for download
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 2
+**Watch:** 6:35 – 10:42
+**Task:** Explain why the timing of pre-emergent herbicide applications over the top of ornamentals matters, and describe the holly/SureGuard example that illustrates the difference between new growth and hardened foliage.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Avoid application during bud swell, tender new growth, or high-temperature periods
+- In the SureGuard (flumioxazin) trial, newest growth was severely affected while older hardened foliage showed no injury
+- Plants with fully expanded, matured leaves are less susceptible to injury from over-the-top pre-emergent applications
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 3
+**Watch:** 10:42 – 15:38
+**Task:** List the factors Dr. Marble ranks in order of importance for post-emergence herbicide performance, from most to least important.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Rate and inherent efficacy of the herbicide (most important)
+- Size of the weed at time of application
+- Environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity)
+- Adjuvant/surfactant selection
+- Time of day (least important)
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 4
+**Watch:** 15:38 – 19:17
+**Task:** Describe the Gallery/crabgrass example and explain why Dr. Marble says you need a "program, not products."
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- A nursery switched to Gallery (isoxaben) exclusively for bittercress control; it worked well on bittercress but had no activity on grasses
+- Crabgrass population exploded because no herbicide in the rotation targeted grassy species
+- No single herbicide controls all weeds; the uncontrolled species increases exponentially
+- A program is a planned but flexible schedule rotating herbicides across modes of action, combined with cultural controls
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 5
+**Watch:** 19:17 – 26:08
+**Task:** Walk through Dr. Marble's three-step herbicide selection process using his container-grown gardenia example. For each step, identify what decision is being made.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Step 1: Determine which herbicides are labeled and safe for the ornamental (gardenia) — narrows to granular options using the 2017 Southeast Pest Control Guide
+- Step 2: Identify primary weed species (spotted spurge) and secondary species (eclipta) by season; select herbicides rated "Good" for the primary and at least "Fair" for the secondary
+- Step 3: Combine selected herbicides into a year-round rotation using different mode-of-action groups to avoid resistance
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 6
+**Watch:** 27:52 – 31:17
+**Task:** Summarize the research results comparing post-emergence-only programs to combined pre+post-emergence programs in landscape beds. Note the specific metrics Dr. Marble reports.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Study compared Ranger (glyphosate), Finale (glufosinate), and Reward (diquat) alone versus combined with Specticle or SureGuard
+- Glyphosate-only required retreatment basically every month; combined programs needed only 1–2 follow-up applications
+- Including pre-emergent herbicides reduced total costs by 3–30% and reduced total herbicide active ingredient by 40–60%
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 7
+**Watch:** 37:01 – 42:05
+**Task:** Compare glyphosate alternatives as post-emergence non-selective herbicides. Describe how desiccant-type products differ from systemic herbicides in terms of performance over time.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Glufosinate (Finale/Cheetah) is the most common alternative — broad-spectrum but primarily contact action, less systemic than glyphosate
+- Desiccant products (Axxe, Finalsan, FireWorxx, acetic acid) show rapid burndown (visible within 30 minutes) but are not translocated
+- At 2 weeks, burndown is impressive; by 4–8 weeks, larger weeds recover because coverage doesn't reach the base
+- Two applications of desiccants can achieve control comparable to one glyphosate application on annuals; large perennials require many more
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 8
+**Watch:** 42:23 – 44:44
+**Task:** Identify the selective post-emergence herbicide options available for landscape beds and explain why Dr. Marble considers graminicides underutilized.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Graminicides (sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop, fenoxaprop — sold as Segment, Envoy, Fusilade, Acclaim) can be applied over the top of hundreds of broadleaf ornamentals because they only affect true grasses
+- Other selective options (Basagran for sedge, Lontrel/clopyralid for Asteraceae and legumes, Certainty for sedge in ground covers) are limited to 20–30 labeled ornamentals each
+- Many practitioners default to risky glyphosate spot treatments around ornamentals rather than using these safer selective alternatives
+
+---
+
+### Review Task 9
+**Watch:** 45:52 – 50:22
+**Task:** From the Q&A discussion, explain the three signal word levels, how they affect PPE requirements, and describe two practical steps to reduce spray drift.
+**Key Points to Identify:**
+- Signal words in order of increasing toxicity: Caution (lowest), Warning, Danger/Poison (highest) — based on routes of exposure (skin, eye, etc.)
+- Higher signal words require more PPE and may trigger restricted use product requirements with stricter record-keeping
+- To reduce physical drift: use coarser nozzle tips (larger droplets fall more readily) and lower sprayer pressure (avoids fine mist)
+
+---
+
+*Processed for UGA Center for Urban Agriculture / GTBOP Archives*
+*Source: Corrected SRT (Stage 1) — GTBOP_Transcript_2023-07-13_WeedControlOrnamentals.srt (618 blocks)*
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ tags:
 | 3 | [YouTube Version](platforms/youtube.md) | Complete |
 | 3 | [Website Version](platforms/website.md) | Complete |
 | 3 | [Extension Agent Version](platforms/ext-agent.md) | Complete |
+| 4 | [Quiz](activities/quiz.md) | Complete |
+| 4 | [Matching Exercises](activities/matching.md) | Complete |
+| 4 | [Review Prompts](activities/review-prompts.md) | Complete |
 | 5 | [Prose Transcript](prose-transcript.md) | Complete |
 | — | [Processing Log](processing-log.md) | Complete |

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Webinar archives for commercial and private pesticide applicators in the ornamen
 |------|---------|-------|--------|
 | Nov 17, 2017 | [Dr. Patrick McCullough](2017-11-17-mccullough-weed-control/index.md) | Weed Control in Turf | 1–5 |
 | Nov 18, 2021 | [Dr. Mark Czarnota](2021-11-18-czarnota-weed-control/index.md) | Weed Control in Landscape & Nursery | 1–5 |
-| Jul 13, 2023 | [Dr. Chris Marble](2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/index.md) | Weed Control in Ornamentals | 1–3, 5 |
+| Jul 13, 2023 | [Dr. Chris Marble](2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/index.md) | Weed Control in Ornamentals | 1–5 |
 | Jan 15, 2026 | [Dr. Ignazio Graziosi](2026-01-15-graziosi-tree-pests/index.md) | Tree Pests | 1–5 |
 | Jan 15, 2026 | [Dr. Ryan Klein](2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/index.md) | Urban Tree BMPs | 1–5 |

@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ nav:
        - YouTube: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/platforms/youtube.md
        - Website: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/platforms/website.md
        - Extension Agent: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/platforms/ext-agent.md
+      - Moodle Activities:
+        - Quiz: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/activities/quiz.md
+        - Matching: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/activities/matching.md
+        - Review Prompts: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/activities/review-prompts.md
      - Processing Log: green-commercial/2023-07-13-marble-weed-control/processing-log.md

    # ── January 15, 2026 ──