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Rich Braman
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<p>Herbicide resistance emerges as a major theme. McCullough presents field and greenhouse data showing widespread Poa annua (<em>Poa annua</em>) resistance to dinitroaniline and sulfonylurea herbicides across Georgia golf courses, sod farms, and lawns, along with halosulfuron-resistant sedge (<em>Cyperus compressus</em>) populations. He demonstrates how combining modes of action — such as pairing a sulfonylurea with simazine — controlled resistant biotypes at all three golf course test sites. The presentation concludes with updates on new 2018 products: RELZAR, Game On, and Switchblade (all containing the new active ingredient halauxifen from Dow); Vexis (pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam); Solero (mesosulfuron from Nufarm); Dismiss NXT (sulfentrazone + carfentrazone from FMC); and Coastal (simazine + imazaquin + prodiamine from Sipcam).</p>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>0:00 Introduction
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0:46 Weed Identification Books and Resources
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2:00 Weed Categories: Grassy, Broadleaf, and Grass-Like
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2:43 Identification by Seed Heads
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3:57 Comparing Bahiagrass and Dallisgrass
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5:13 Poa annua Seed Head Identification
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5:34 Using Ligules for Grassy Weed Identification
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6:50 Broadleaf Weed Flowers and Day Flower Species
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7:52 Leaf Arrangement and Hair Characteristics
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9:34 Leaf Markings: White Clover vs. Spotted Burr Clover
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10:16 Weed Lifecycles: Winter and Summer Annuals
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12:05 Perennial Weeds: Simple and Complex
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16:02 Scouting, Early Detection, and Cultural Practices
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17:08 Mowing Height Effects on Crabgrass Competition
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20:07 Irrigation Influence on Weed Populations
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22:05 Seed Quality and Seedlot Contamination
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24:07 How Pre-Emergent Herbicides Work
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27:00 Pre-Emergent Product Overview and Formulations
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29:00 Pre-Emergent Targets and Limitations
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29:38 Herbicide Activation: Sprayable vs. Granular
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31:07 Spring Application Timing by Georgia Region
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32:52 Residual Activity and Product Selection
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34:48 Fall Pre-Emergent Timing for Winter Annuals
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35:11 Split Applications for Extended Control
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36:21 Fall Products for Poa annua Management
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37:31 Herbicide Resistance: Overview and Mechanisms
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41:01 Poa annua Resistance in Georgia
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43:34 Fall Post-Emergent Timing and Sulfonylurea Programs
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48:55 Poa annua Control Programs by Turfgrass Species
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51:38 Sedge Resistance to Sulfonylureas
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53:44 Other Herbicide-Resistant Weed Species
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55:01 New for 2018: Halauxifen Products (RELZAR, Game On, Switchblade)
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1:01:22 New for 2018: Vexis (Pyrimisulfan + Penoxsulam)
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1:05:31 Solero (Mesosulfuron) from Nufarm
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1:06:27 Dismiss NXT (Sulfentrazone + Carfentrazone)
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1:08:19 Coastal: Three-Way Pre + Post Combination from Sipcam
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1:09:53 Conclusion</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Timestamp</th>
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<th>Topic</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>0:00</td>
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<td>Introduction</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>0:46</td>
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<td>Weed Identification Books and Resources</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2:00</td>
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<td>Weed Categories: Grassy, Broadleaf, and Grass-Like</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2:43</td>
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<td>Identification by Seed Heads</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3:57</td>
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<td>Comparing Bahiagrass and Dallisgrass</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5:13</td>
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<td>Poa annua Seed Head Identification</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5:34</td>
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<td>Using Ligules for Grassy Weed Identification</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>6:50</td>
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<td>Broadleaf Weed Flowers and Day Flower Species</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>7:52</td>
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<td>Leaf Arrangement and Hair Characteristics</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>9:34</td>
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<td>Leaf Markings: White Clover vs. Spotted Burr Clover</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>10:16</td>
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<td>Weed Lifecycles: Winter and Summer Annuals</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>12:05</td>
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<td>Perennial Weeds: Simple and Complex</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>16:02</td>
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<td>Scouting, Early Detection, and Cultural Practices</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>17:08</td>
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<td>Mowing Height Effects on Crabgrass Competition</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>20:07</td>
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<td>Irrigation Influence on Weed Populations</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>22:05</td>
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<td>Seed Quality and Seedlot Contamination</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>24:07</td>
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<td>How Pre-Emergent Herbicides Work</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>27:00</td>
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<td>Pre-Emergent Product Overview and Formulations</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>29:00</td>
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<td>Pre-Emergent Targets and Limitations</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>29:38</td>
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<td>Herbicide Activation: Sprayable vs. Granular</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>31:07</td>
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<td>Spring Application Timing by Georgia Region</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>32:52</td>
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<td>Residual Activity and Product Selection</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>34:48</td>
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<td>Fall Pre-Emergent Timing for Winter Annuals</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>35:11</td>
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<td>Split Applications for Extended Control</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>36:21</td>
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<td>Fall Products for Poa annua Management</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>37:31</td>
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<td>Herbicide Resistance: Overview and Mechanisms</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>41:01</td>
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<td>Poa annua Resistance in Georgia</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>43:34</td>
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<td>Fall Post-Emergent Timing and Sulfonylurea Programs</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>48:55</td>
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<td>Poa annua Control Programs by Turfgrass Species</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>51:38</td>
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<td>Sedge Resistance to Sulfonylureas</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>53:44</td>
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<td>Other Herbicide-Resistant Weed Species</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>55:01</td>
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<td>New for 2018: Halauxifen Products (RELZAR, Game On, Switchblade)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1:01:22</td>
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<td>New for 2018: Vexis (Pyrimisulfan + Penoxsulam)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1:05:31</td>
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<td>Solero (Mesosulfuron) from Nufarm</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1:06:27</td>
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<td>Dismiss NXT (Sulfentrazone + Carfentrazone)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1:08:19</td>
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<td>Coastal: Three-Way Pre + Post Combination from Sipcam</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1:09:53</td>
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<td>Conclusion</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p><strong>Q: What are the three main categories used to classify weeds in turfgrass?</strong>
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