site commit
This commit is contained in:
Rich Braman
+158
-37
@@ -4334,43 +4334,164 @@
|
||||
<p>Herbicide resistance emerges as a major theme. McCullough presents field and greenhouse data showing widespread Poa annua (<em>Poa annua</em>) resistance to dinitroaniline and sulfonylurea herbicides across Georgia golf courses, sod farms, and lawns, along with halosulfuron-resistant sedge (<em>Cyperus compressus</em>) populations. He demonstrates how combining modes of action — such as pairing a sulfonylurea with simazine — controlled resistant biotypes at all three golf course test sites. The presentation concludes with updates on new 2018 products: RELZAR, Game On, and Switchblade (all containing the new active ingredient halauxifen from Dow); Vexis (pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam); Solero (mesosulfuron from Nufarm); Dismiss NXT (sulfentrazone + carfentrazone from FMC); and Coastal (simazine + imazaquin + prodiamine from Sipcam).</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>0:00 Introduction
|
||||
0:46 Weed Identification Books and Resources
|
||||
2:00 Weed Categories: Grassy, Broadleaf, and Grass-Like
|
||||
2:43 Identification by Seed Heads
|
||||
3:57 Comparing Bahiagrass and Dallisgrass
|
||||
5:13 Poa annua Seed Head Identification
|
||||
5:34 Using Ligules for Grassy Weed Identification
|
||||
6:50 Broadleaf Weed Flowers and Day Flower Species
|
||||
7:52 Leaf Arrangement and Hair Characteristics
|
||||
9:34 Leaf Markings: White Clover vs. Spotted Burr Clover
|
||||
10:16 Weed Lifecycles: Winter and Summer Annuals
|
||||
12:05 Perennial Weeds: Simple and Complex
|
||||
16:02 Scouting, Early Detection, and Cultural Practices
|
||||
17:08 Mowing Height Effects on Crabgrass Competition
|
||||
20:07 Irrigation Influence on Weed Populations
|
||||
22:05 Seed Quality and Seedlot Contamination
|
||||
24:07 How Pre-Emergent Herbicides Work
|
||||
27:00 Pre-Emergent Product Overview and Formulations
|
||||
29:00 Pre-Emergent Targets and Limitations
|
||||
29:38 Herbicide Activation: Sprayable vs. Granular
|
||||
31:07 Spring Application Timing by Georgia Region
|
||||
32:52 Residual Activity and Product Selection
|
||||
34:48 Fall Pre-Emergent Timing for Winter Annuals
|
||||
35:11 Split Applications for Extended Control
|
||||
36:21 Fall Products for Poa annua Management
|
||||
37:31 Herbicide Resistance: Overview and Mechanisms
|
||||
41:01 Poa annua Resistance in Georgia
|
||||
43:34 Fall Post-Emergent Timing and Sulfonylurea Programs
|
||||
48:55 Poa annua Control Programs by Turfgrass Species
|
||||
51:38 Sedge Resistance to Sulfonylureas
|
||||
53:44 Other Herbicide-Resistant Weed Species
|
||||
55:01 New for 2018: Halauxifen Products (RELZAR, Game On, Switchblade)
|
||||
1:01:22 New for 2018: Vexis (Pyrimisulfan + Penoxsulam)
|
||||
1:05:31 Solero (Mesosulfuron) from Nufarm
|
||||
1:06:27 Dismiss NXT (Sulfentrazone + Carfentrazone)
|
||||
1:08:19 Coastal: Three-Way Pre + Post Combination from Sipcam
|
||||
1:09:53 Conclusion</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Timestamp</th>
|
||||
<th>Topic</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Introduction</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:46</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Identification Books and Resources</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>2:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Categories: Grassy, Broadleaf, and Grass-Like</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>2:43</td>
|
||||
<td>Identification by Seed Heads</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>3:57</td>
|
||||
<td>Comparing Bahiagrass and Dallisgrass</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>5:13</td>
|
||||
<td>Poa annua Seed Head Identification</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>5:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Using Ligules for Grassy Weed Identification</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>6:50</td>
|
||||
<td>Broadleaf Weed Flowers and Day Flower Species</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>7:52</td>
|
||||
<td>Leaf Arrangement and Hair Characteristics</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>9:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Leaf Markings: White Clover vs. Spotted Burr Clover</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>10:16</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Lifecycles: Winter and Summer Annuals</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>12:05</td>
|
||||
<td>Perennial Weeds: Simple and Complex</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>16:02</td>
|
||||
<td>Scouting, Early Detection, and Cultural Practices</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>17:08</td>
|
||||
<td>Mowing Height Effects on Crabgrass Competition</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>20:07</td>
|
||||
<td>Irrigation Influence on Weed Populations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>22:05</td>
|
||||
<td>Seed Quality and Seedlot Contamination</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>24:07</td>
|
||||
<td>How Pre-Emergent Herbicides Work</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>27:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent Product Overview and Formulations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>29:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent Targets and Limitations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>29:38</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Activation: Sprayable vs. Granular</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>31:07</td>
|
||||
<td>Spring Application Timing by Georgia Region</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>32:52</td>
|
||||
<td>Residual Activity and Product Selection</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>34:48</td>
|
||||
<td>Fall Pre-Emergent Timing for Winter Annuals</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>35:11</td>
|
||||
<td>Split Applications for Extended Control</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>36:21</td>
|
||||
<td>Fall Products for Poa annua Management</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>37:31</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Resistance: Overview and Mechanisms</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>41:01</td>
|
||||
<td>Poa annua Resistance in Georgia</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Fall Post-Emergent Timing and Sulfonylurea Programs</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>48:55</td>
|
||||
<td>Poa annua Control Programs by Turfgrass Species</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>51:38</td>
|
||||
<td>Sedge Resistance to Sulfonylureas</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>53:44</td>
|
||||
<td>Other Herbicide-Resistant Weed Species</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>55:01</td>
|
||||
<td>New for 2018: Halauxifen Products (RELZAR, Game On, Switchblade)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:01:22</td>
|
||||
<td>New for 2018: Vexis (Pyrimisulfan + Penoxsulam)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:05:31</td>
|
||||
<td>Solero (Mesosulfuron) from Nufarm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:06:27</td>
|
||||
<td>Dismiss NXT (Sulfentrazone + Carfentrazone)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:08:19</td>
|
||||
<td>Coastal: Three-Way Pre + Post Combination from Sipcam</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:09:53</td>
|
||||
<td>Conclusion</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q: What are the three main categories used to classify weeds in turfgrass?</strong>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4333,23 +4333,84 @@
|
||||
<p>The bulk of the presentation focused on chemical weed control, covering the distinction between pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides, selective versus non-selective products, and granular versus sprayable formulations. Czarnota highlighted underutilized products including Dimension (dithiopyr) and Marengo (indaziflam), which can provide up to 16 weeks of pre-emergent control in established woody ornamentals. He reviewed modes of action for key herbicides including glyphosate's inhibition of the EPSP synthase pathway and the dinitroaniline herbicides' disruption of microtubule formation. Czarnota also discussed glyphosate safety, citing a 2017 Journal of the National Cancer Institute study of nearly 45,000 licensed applicators finding no association between glyphosate use and cancer incidence above national background rates. The session concluded with audience questions on torpedograss control using Drive (quinclorac), Virginia buttonweed management with atrazine, and selective bermudagrass control in ornamentals using clethodim (Envoy).</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>0:00 Introduction and Speaker Background
|
||||
3:02 What Is a Weed? Definitions and Weediness Predictors
|
||||
5:13 Challenging Weed Problems in Nursery Production
|
||||
9:03 Weed Identification and Plant Life Cycles
|
||||
11:55 Weed Control Methods: Physical Removal and Barriers
|
||||
15:44 Biological Control: Grass Carp, Goats, Thistle Weevil
|
||||
19:50 Chemical Weed Control: Impact of Major Herbicides
|
||||
21:07 Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent Herbicides
|
||||
25:16 Trade Names, Active Ingredients, and Cost Savings
|
||||
26:20 Herbicide Modes of Action
|
||||
29:42 Pre-Emergent Herbicides for Landscape and Nursery
|
||||
31:17 Post-Emergent and Combination Herbicides
|
||||
35:16 Recommended Products: Marengo, BroadStar, SureGuard
|
||||
36:40 Best Practices and Common Application Errors
|
||||
40:21 Herbicide Fate, Organic Options, and Glyphosate Safety
|
||||
43:40 Glyphosate Damage, Adjuvants, and Future Technologies
|
||||
44:54 Q&A: Torpedograss, Virginia Buttonweed, Bermudagrass Control</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Timestamp</th>
|
||||
<th>Topic</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Introduction and Speaker Background</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>3:02</td>
|
||||
<td>What Is a Weed? Definitions and Weediness Predictors</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>5:13</td>
|
||||
<td>Challenging Weed Problems in Nursery Production</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>9:03</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Identification and Plant Life Cycles</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>11:55</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Control Methods: Physical Removal and Barriers</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>15:44</td>
|
||||
<td>Biological Control: Grass Carp, Goats, Thistle Weevil</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>19:50</td>
|
||||
<td>Chemical Weed Control: Impact of Major Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>21:07</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>25:16</td>
|
||||
<td>Trade Names, Active Ingredients, and Cost Savings</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>26:20</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Modes of Action</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>29:42</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent Herbicides for Landscape and Nursery</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>31:17</td>
|
||||
<td>Post-Emergent and Combination Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>35:16</td>
|
||||
<td>Recommended Products: Marengo, BroadStar, SureGuard</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>36:40</td>
|
||||
<td>Best Practices and Common Application Errors</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>40:21</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Fate, Organic Options, and Glyphosate Safety</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:40</td>
|
||||
<td>Glyphosate Damage, Adjuvants, and Future Technologies</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>44:54</td>
|
||||
<td>Q&A: Torpedograss, Virginia Buttonweed, Bermudagrass Control</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q: What are the most important characteristics that make a plant likely to become a weed problem?</strong>
|
||||
|
||||
+78
-17
@@ -4333,23 +4333,84 @@
|
||||
<p>The bulk of the presentation focused on chemical weed control, covering the distinction between pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides, selective versus non-selective products, and granular versus sprayable formulations. Czarnota highlighted underutilized products including Dimension (dithiopyr) and Marengo (indaziflam), which can provide up to 16 weeks of pre-emergent control in established woody ornamentals. He reviewed modes of action for key herbicides including glyphosate's inhibition of the EPSP synthase pathway and the dinitroaniline herbicides' disruption of microtubule formation. Czarnota also discussed glyphosate safety, citing a 2017 Journal of the National Cancer Institute study of nearly 45,000 licensed applicators finding no association between glyphosate use and cancer incidence above national background rates. The session concluded with audience questions on torpedograss control using Drive (quinclorac), Virginia buttonweed management with atrazine, and selective bermudagrass control in ornamentals using clethodim (Envoy).</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>0:00 Introduction and Speaker Background
|
||||
3:02 What Is a Weed? Definitions and Weediness Predictors
|
||||
5:13 Challenging Weed Problems in Nursery Production
|
||||
9:03 Weed Identification and Plant Life Cycles
|
||||
11:55 Weed Control Methods: Physical Removal and Barriers
|
||||
15:44 Biological Control: Grass Carp, Goats, Thistle Weevil
|
||||
19:50 Chemical Weed Control: Impact of Major Herbicides
|
||||
21:07 Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent Herbicides
|
||||
25:16 Trade Names, Active Ingredients, and Cost Savings
|
||||
26:20 Herbicide Modes of Action
|
||||
29:42 Pre-Emergent Herbicides for Landscape and Nursery
|
||||
31:17 Post-Emergent and Combination Herbicides
|
||||
35:16 Recommended Products: Marengo, BroadStar, SureGuard
|
||||
36:40 Best Practices and Common Application Errors
|
||||
40:21 Herbicide Fate, Organic Options, and Glyphosate Safety
|
||||
43:40 Glyphosate Damage, Adjuvants, and Future Technologies
|
||||
44:54 Q&A: Torpedograss, Virginia Buttonweed, Bermudagrass Control</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Timestamp</th>
|
||||
<th>Topic</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Introduction and Speaker Background</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>3:02</td>
|
||||
<td>What Is a Weed? Definitions and Weediness Predictors</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>5:13</td>
|
||||
<td>Challenging Weed Problems in Nursery Production</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>9:03</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Identification and Plant Life Cycles</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>11:55</td>
|
||||
<td>Weed Control Methods: Physical Removal and Barriers</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>15:44</td>
|
||||
<td>Biological Control: Grass Carp, Goats, Thistle Weevil</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>19:50</td>
|
||||
<td>Chemical Weed Control: Impact of Major Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>21:07</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>25:16</td>
|
||||
<td>Trade Names, Active Ingredients, and Cost Savings</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>26:20</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Modes of Action</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>29:42</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-Emergent Herbicides for Landscape and Nursery</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>31:17</td>
|
||||
<td>Post-Emergent and Combination Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>35:16</td>
|
||||
<td>Recommended Products: Marengo, BroadStar, SureGuard</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>36:40</td>
|
||||
<td>Best Practices and Common Application Errors</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>40:21</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Fate, Organic Options, and Glyphosate Safety</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:40</td>
|
||||
<td>Glyphosate Damage, Adjuvants, and Future Technologies</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>44:54</td>
|
||||
<td>Q&A: Torpedograss, Virginia Buttonweed, Bermudagrass Control</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q: What are the most important characteristics that make a plant likely to become a weed problem?</strong>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4364,44 +4364,168 @@
|
||||
<p>The core of the presentation was a three-step process for selecting herbicides: determine what is labeled and safe for the target ornamental, identify the primary and secondary weed species, and combine those into a year-round rotation using different modes of action. Marble walked through a detailed example using container-grown gardenia, narrowing granular pre-emergent options using the 2017 Southeast Pest Control Guide's efficacy and safety charts, then building a seasonal rotation targeting spotted spurge and eclipta in warm months and bittercress, annual bluegrass, and oxalis in cool months. He presented research showing that combining pre-emergent herbicides like Specticle or SureGuard with post-emergence treatments reduced total herbicide use by 40 to 60 percent and costs by up to 30 percent compared to post-only programs. Marble also reviewed post-emergence alternatives to glyphosate — including glufosinate, acetic acid products, and other desiccant-type herbicides — noting that while they provide fast initial burndown, most require follow-up applications for lasting control. He concluded by highlighting underutilized selective options such as graminicides for grass control in ornamental beds and products like Basagran, Lontrel, and Certainty for sedge and broadleaf management.</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>0:00 Introduction and Speaker Credentials
|
||||
0:58 Overview: Weed Control in Nurseries and Landscapes
|
||||
1:36 Why Herbicides Fail: Calibration and Application
|
||||
4:34 Calibration Tools and Mixing Calculators
|
||||
6:35 Pre-emergent Herbicide Timing
|
||||
8:20 Avoiding Plant Injury During Application
|
||||
9:29 SureGuard Holly Trial: New Growth vs. Hardened Foliage
|
||||
10:42 Post-emergence Herbicide Timing
|
||||
11:30 Environmental Factors Affecting Efficacy
|
||||
13:18 Stressed Weeds and Mowing Impacts
|
||||
14:28 Ranking Factors That Impact Post-emergence Performance
|
||||
15:38 Importance of Developing a Program, Not Just Products
|
||||
17:17 Herbicide Rotation and Resistance Prevention
|
||||
18:48 Three Steps to Choosing Herbicides
|
||||
19:17 Pre-emergence Options Color-Coded by Mode of Action
|
||||
20:48 The 2017 Southeast Pest Control Guide
|
||||
21:00 Step 1 Example: Labeled Options for Container-Grown Gardenia
|
||||
22:02 Grouping Herbicides by Mode of Action
|
||||
23:01 Step 2: Targeting Primary and Secondary Weed Species
|
||||
25:20 Step 3: Building a Year-Round Rotation
|
||||
27:03 Year-Round Nursery Rotation Plan by Month
|
||||
27:34 Research: Pre-emergent + Post-emergent vs. Post-Only Programs
|
||||
30:44 Cost Savings and Herbicide Reduction Results
|
||||
31:55 Application Interval Considerations
|
||||
32:09 Landscape-Specific Rotation Planning
|
||||
33:52 Timing Examples: One, Two, or Three Applications Per Year
|
||||
35:20 Generic Landscape Rotation Example by Season
|
||||
37:01 Post-emergence Alternatives to Glyphosate in Landscape Beds
|
||||
38:08 Glufosinate (Finale/Cheetah) as an Alternative
|
||||
38:43 Non-Selective Alternatives: Desiccant-Type Herbicides
|
||||
40:12 Acetic Acid Trial: Burndown and Recovery Results
|
||||
42:23 Selective Post-emergence Options for Landscape Beds
|
||||
43:04 Graminicides: Underutilized Grass-Selective Herbicides
|
||||
43:55 Basagran, Lontrel, Certainty, and Scepter
|
||||
44:44 UF Mid-Florida REC Resources and Contact Information
|
||||
45:52 Q&A: Signal Words and PPE Requirements
|
||||
48:02 Q&A: Wind Drift and Reducing Spray Drift
|
||||
49:08 Q&A: Marengo for Nursery Gravel Areas</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Timestamp</th>
|
||||
<th>Topic</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Introduction and Speaker Credentials</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:58</td>
|
||||
<td>Overview: Weed Control in Nurseries and Landscapes</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:36</td>
|
||||
<td>Why Herbicides Fail: Calibration and Application</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>4:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Calibration Tools and Mixing Calculators</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>6:35</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-emergent Herbicide Timing</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>8:20</td>
|
||||
<td>Avoiding Plant Injury During Application</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>9:29</td>
|
||||
<td>SureGuard Holly Trial: New Growth vs. Hardened Foliage</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>10:42</td>
|
||||
<td>Post-emergence Herbicide Timing</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>11:30</td>
|
||||
<td>Environmental Factors Affecting Efficacy</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>13:18</td>
|
||||
<td>Stressed Weeds and Mowing Impacts</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>14:28</td>
|
||||
<td>Ranking Factors That Impact Post-emergence Performance</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>15:38</td>
|
||||
<td>Importance of Developing a Program, Not Just Products</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>17:17</td>
|
||||
<td>Herbicide Rotation and Resistance Prevention</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>18:48</td>
|
||||
<td>Three Steps to Choosing Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>19:17</td>
|
||||
<td>Pre-emergence Options Color-Coded by Mode of Action</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>20:48</td>
|
||||
<td>The 2017 Southeast Pest Control Guide</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>21:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Step 1 Example: Labeled Options for Container-Grown Gardenia</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>22:02</td>
|
||||
<td>Grouping Herbicides by Mode of Action</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>23:01</td>
|
||||
<td>Step 2: Targeting Primary and Secondary Weed Species</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>25:20</td>
|
||||
<td>Step 3: Building a Year-Round Rotation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>27:03</td>
|
||||
<td>Year-Round Nursery Rotation Plan by Month</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>27:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Research: Pre-emergent + Post-emergent vs. Post-Only Programs</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>30:44</td>
|
||||
<td>Cost Savings and Herbicide Reduction Results</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>31:55</td>
|
||||
<td>Application Interval Considerations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>32:09</td>
|
||||
<td>Landscape-Specific Rotation Planning</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>33:52</td>
|
||||
<td>Timing Examples: One, Two, or Three Applications Per Year</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>35:20</td>
|
||||
<td>Generic Landscape Rotation Example by Season</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>37:01</td>
|
||||
<td>Post-emergence Alternatives to Glyphosate in Landscape Beds</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>38:08</td>
|
||||
<td>Glufosinate (Finale/Cheetah) as an Alternative</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>38:43</td>
|
||||
<td>Non-Selective Alternatives: Desiccant-Type Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>40:12</td>
|
||||
<td>Acetic Acid Trial: Burndown and Recovery Results</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>42:23</td>
|
||||
<td>Selective Post-emergence Options for Landscape Beds</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:04</td>
|
||||
<td>Graminicides: Underutilized Grass-Selective Herbicides</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:55</td>
|
||||
<td>Basagran, Lontrel, Certainty, and Scepter</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>44:44</td>
|
||||
<td>UF Mid-Florida REC Resources and Contact Information</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>45:52</td>
|
||||
<td>Q&A: Signal Words and PPE Requirements</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>48:02</td>
|
||||
<td>Q&A: Wind Drift and Reducing Spray Drift</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>49:08</td>
|
||||
<td>Q&A: Marengo for Nursery Gravel Areas</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q: What is the number one reason herbicides fail to provide expected weed control or cause plant injury?</strong>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4333,38 +4333,144 @@
|
||||
<p>The third case study examined the orange-striped oakworm moth, a native pest of native oaks. Dr. Graziosi explained why clonal nursery stock in urban landscapes creates genetically uniform stands with low resistance, compounded by urban heat effects. He outlined a practical decision framework: managers should distinguish aesthetic damage from actual harm using a 25% defoliation threshold and recognize that late-season defoliation is less damaging. Btk (<em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> kurstaki) as a foliar spray is effective against young larvae with minimal impact on natural enemies.</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="youtube-timestamps">YOUTUBE TIMESTAMPS<a class="headerlink" href="#youtube-timestamps" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>0:00 Introduction and speaker credentials
|
||||
1:28 The disease triangle: pest, tree, and environment
|
||||
3:02 The spiral of tree decline
|
||||
6:07 Native vs. non-native pest and tree interactions
|
||||
7:22 Example 1: Emerald ash borer (EAB) — overview
|
||||
8:23 EAB life cycle and damage symptoms
|
||||
10:48 EAB generation time and temperature effects
|
||||
11:57 EAB spread across North America and firewood
|
||||
13:47 EAB in Georgia and native ash species diversity
|
||||
15:26 White fringetree as alternate EAB host
|
||||
16:43 Global trade and non-native species introductions
|
||||
18:20 The invasion curve: detection, eradication, and control
|
||||
21:32 Why EAB is not a pest in Asia
|
||||
22:34 Chemical control methods for EAB
|
||||
23:57 Importation biological control: parasitoid wasps
|
||||
28:01 Native natural enemies and the goal of balance
|
||||
29:42 Example 2: Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS) — overview
|
||||
31:47 CMBS biology, life cycle, and overlapping generations
|
||||
33:47 CMBS invasion timeline and early detection
|
||||
35:02 CMBS and the invasion curve in Georgia
|
||||
36:06 CMBS host range expansion in North America
|
||||
36:42 Urban heat island effects on scales
|
||||
37:28 Chemical control options for CMBS
|
||||
38:31 Natural enemies: lady beetles and lacewings
|
||||
42:04 Balancing chemical and biological control for CMBS
|
||||
42:25 Example 3: Orange-striped oakworm moth — overview
|
||||
43:53 Oakworm life cycle and seasonal timing
|
||||
44:51 Why urban and clonal trees are vulnerable
|
||||
46:35 Natural enemies of the oakworm
|
||||
47:56 Control decisions: damage thresholds and Btk
|
||||
49:19 Presentation wrap-up and key takeaways
|
||||
50:01 Moderator comments on CMBS expansion in Georgia</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Timestamp</th>
|
||||
<th>Topic</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>0:00</td>
|
||||
<td>Introduction and speaker credentials</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1:28</td>
|
||||
<td>The disease triangle: pest, tree, and environment</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>3:02</td>
|
||||
<td>The spiral of tree decline</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>6:07</td>
|
||||
<td>Native vs. non-native pest and tree interactions</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>7:22</td>
|
||||
<td>Example 1: Emerald ash borer (EAB) — overview</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>8:23</td>
|
||||
<td>EAB life cycle and damage symptoms</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>10:48</td>
|
||||
<td>EAB generation time and temperature effects</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>11:57</td>
|
||||
<td>EAB spread across North America and firewood</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>13:47</td>
|
||||
<td>EAB in Georgia and native ash species diversity</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>15:26</td>
|
||||
<td>White fringetree as alternate EAB host</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>16:43</td>
|
||||
<td>Global trade and non-native species introductions</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>18:20</td>
|
||||
<td>The invasion curve: detection, eradication, and control</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>21:32</td>
|
||||
<td>Why EAB is not a pest in Asia</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>22:34</td>
|
||||
<td>Chemical control methods for EAB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>23:57</td>
|
||||
<td>Importation biological control: parasitoid wasps</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>28:01</td>
|
||||
<td>Native natural enemies and the goal of balance</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>29:42</td>
|
||||
<td>Example 2: Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS) — overview</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>31:47</td>
|
||||
<td>CMBS biology, life cycle, and overlapping generations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>33:47</td>
|
||||
<td>CMBS invasion timeline and early detection</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>35:02</td>
|
||||
<td>CMBS and the invasion curve in Georgia</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>36:06</td>
|
||||
<td>CMBS host range expansion in North America</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>36:42</td>
|
||||
<td>Urban heat island effects on scales</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>37:28</td>
|
||||
<td>Chemical control options for CMBS</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>38:31</td>
|
||||
<td>Natural enemies: lady beetles and lacewings</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>42:04</td>
|
||||
<td>Balancing chemical and biological control for CMBS</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>42:25</td>
|
||||
<td>Example 3: Orange-striped oakworm moth — overview</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>43:53</td>
|
||||
<td>Oakworm life cycle and seasonal timing</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>44:51</td>
|
||||
<td>Why urban and clonal trees are vulnerable</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>46:35</td>
|
||||
<td>Natural enemies of the oakworm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>47:56</td>
|
||||
<td>Control decisions: damage thresholds and Btk</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>49:19</td>
|
||||
<td>Presentation wrap-up and key takeaways</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>50:01</td>
|
||||
<td>Moderator comments on CMBS expansion in Georgia</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="questions-answers">QUESTIONS & ANSWERS<a class="headerlink" href="#questions-answers" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q: What is the disease triangle, and why is it important for understanding tree pest damage?</strong>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user