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McCullough — Weed Control in Turf (Nov 2017)
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McCullough — Weed Control in Turf (Nov 2017)
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Moodle Activities
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Corrected SRT
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Graziosi — Tree Pests (Jan 2026)
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Graziosi — Tree Pests (Jan 2026)
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Transcript Corrections
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Platform Versions
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Platform Versions
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YouTube
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Website
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Extension Agent
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Moodle Activities
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Moodle Activities
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Quiz
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Matching
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Matching
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< / a >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Table of contents
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Understanding Tree Pests: Disease Interactions, Invasive Threats, and Management Strategies
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< a href = "#dr-ignazio-graziosi-january-15-2026" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Dr. Ignazio Graziosi — January 15, 2026
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Matching Exercise 1: Pest Ecology and Interaction Scenarios
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Matching Exercise 2: Control Methods by Pest
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Matching Exercise 3: Spiral of Tree Decline and Disease Triangle Concepts
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< a href = "#verification-checklist" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Verification Checklist
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< a href = "../review-prompts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Review Prompts
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Downloads
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Downloads
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../downloads/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Corrected SRT
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< / a >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/" class = "md-nav__link " >
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Klein — Urban Tree BMPs (Jan 2026)
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< / a >
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Klein — Urban Tree BMPs (Jan 2026)
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Archive Summary
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/prose-transcript/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Prose Transcript
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Transcript Corrections
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Platform Versions
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< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_4_5" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Platform Versions
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/platforms/youtube/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
YouTube
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< / a >
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/platforms/website/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Website
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< / a >
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/platforms/ext-agent/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Extension Agent
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< / a >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Moodle Activities
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Moodle Activities
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/activities/quiz/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Quiz
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/activities/matching/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Matching
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< a href = "../../../2026-01-15-klein-urban-tree-bmps/activities/review-prompts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Review Prompts
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Downloads
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Downloads
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Corrected SRT
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../../../structural/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Structural
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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Structural
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Scharf — Insecticide MOA (Oct 2017)
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Scharf — Insecticide MOA (Oct 2017)
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/archive-summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Archive Summary
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/prose-transcript/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Prose Transcript
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/corrections/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Transcript Corrections
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Platform Versions
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_2_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Platform Versions
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/platforms/youtube/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
YouTube
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< / a >
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/platforms/website/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Website
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< / li >
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/platforms/ext-agent/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Extension Agent
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Moodle Activities
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_2_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Moodle Activities
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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Quiz
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< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/activities/matching/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Matching
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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Downloads
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Downloads
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../../structural/2017-10-18-scharf-insecticide-moa/downloads/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Corrected SRT
< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../../../projects/" class = "md-nav__link " >
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Writing Projects
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< / a >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Writing Projects
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Bulletin Outline
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Table of contents
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Understanding Tree Pests: Disease Interactions, Invasive Threats, and Management Strategies
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Dr. Ignazio Graziosi — January 15, 2026
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Matching Exercise 1: Pest Ecology and Interaction Scenarios
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Matching Exercise 2: Control Methods by Pest
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Matching Exercise 3: Spiral of Tree Decline and Disease Triangle Concepts
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< h1 id = "gtbop-moodle-matching-exercises" > GTBOP Moodle Matching Exercises< a class = "headerlink" href = "#gtbop-moodle-matching-exercises" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
< h2 id = "understanding-tree-pests-disease-interactions-invasive-threats-and-management-strategies" > Understanding Tree Pests: Disease Interactions, Invasive Threats, and Management Strategies< a class = "headerlink" href = "#understanding-tree-pests-disease-interactions-invasive-threats-and-management-strategies" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< h3 id = "dr-ignazio-graziosi-january-15-2026" > Dr. Ignazio Graziosi — January 15, 2026< a class = "headerlink" href = "#dr-ignazio-graziosi-january-15-2026" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > < strong > Source:< / strong > Corrected SRT transcript (Stage 1) + Archive Package (Stage 2)
< strong > Exercises:< / strong > 3
< strong > Total pairs:< / strong > 26 (8 + 8 + 10)< / p >
< hr / >
< h3 id = "matching-exercise-1-pest-ecology-and-interaction-scenarios" > Matching Exercise 1: Pest Ecology and Interaction Scenarios< a class = "headerlink" href = "#matching-exercise-1-pest-ecology-and-interaction-scenarios" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > < strong > Timestamp Reference:< / strong > 7:22 –
< strong > Type:< / strong > Species ID / Ecological Scenario< / p >
< p > < strong > Instructions:< / strong > Match each pest in Column A with the correct ecological description from Column B. Two items in Column B are distractors and will not be used.< / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > #< / th >
< th > Column A< / th >
< th > < / th >
< th > Column B< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 1< / td >
< td > Emerald ash borer (EAB)< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > a) Non-native pest attacking non-native host; overlapping generations complicate control; trunk injection ineffective< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 2< / td >
< td > Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS)< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > b) Native pest of native trees; clonal urban plantings increase vulnerability; late-season damage less harmful< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 3< / td >
< td > Orange-striped oakworm moth< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > c) Non-native pest attacking native host; co-evolved natural enemies in Asia keep populations low; firewood spread primary pathway< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 4< / td >
< td > EAB parasitoid wasps (from Asia)< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > d) Generalist predators that arrive late in season; do not maintain sustained populations on host trees< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 5< / td >
< td > Lady beetles (twice-stabbed, bigeminal, Harlequin)< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > e) Specialist biological control agents introduced by USDA; attack only their target pest; two species target larvae, one targets eggs< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 6< / td >
< td > Green lacewing< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > f) Non-native pest of native pines; larvae create pitch tubes on trunk< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 7< / td >
< td > White fringetree< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > g) Commercially available predator of CMBS; larvae are the most voracious stage; adults need sugar to feed; requires multiple releases per season< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 8< / td >
< td > Blue ash< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > h) Alternate host in family Oleaceae; serves as population reservoir for EAB even after ash trees are gone< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > i) Native ash species showing some resistance to EAB; will die eventually but takes much longer than other ash species< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > j) Native parasitoid that specializes exclusively on CMBS in North America< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > < strong > Answer Key:< / strong >
1 → c, 2 → a, 3 → b, 4 → e, 5 → d, 6 → g, 7 → h, 8 → i< / p >
< p > < strong > Distractors:< / strong > f (no pine pest discussed), j (Dr. Graziosi stated no effective specialist parasitoid for CMBS has been found in the US)< / p >
< p > < strong > Source in transcript:< / strong > EAB section ~7:22– – – < / p >
< hr / >
< h3 id = "matching-exercise-2-control-methods-by-pest" > Matching Exercise 2: Control Methods by Pest< a class = "headerlink" href = "#matching-exercise-2-control-methods-by-pest" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > < strong > Timestamp Reference:< / strong > 22:34 –
< strong > Type:< / strong > Timing-Practice< / p >
< p > < strong > Instructions:< / strong > Match each control method or strategy in Column A with the correct pest and application detail from Column B. Two items in Column B are distractors and will not be used.< / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > #< / th >
< th > Column A< / th >
< th > < / th >
< th > Column B< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 1< / td >
< td > Soil drench for EAB< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > a) Target young larvae (early instars); minimal impact on natural enemies; often requires reapplication< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 2< / td >
< td > Tree injection for EAB< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > b) Apply in spring before leaves emerge< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 3< / td >
< td > Trunk injection for CMBS< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > c) Requires professional applicator; effective delivery method for systemic insecticides into ash< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 4< / td >
< td > Soil drench / soil injection for CMBS< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > d) Not a viable option — crapemyrtle absorbs systemic insecticides through the trunk very slowly< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 5< / td >
< td > Foliar soaps for CMBS< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > e) Recommended chemical methods; multiple products and brand names available< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 6< / td >
< td > Btk foliar spray for oakworm< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > f) Used to target crawlers (young mobile nymphs)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 7< / td >
< td > Importation biological control for EAB< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > g) Specialist parasitoid wasps from Asia introduced after USDA risk assessment; attack larvae and eggs< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 8< / td >
< td > "Don't Move Firewood" campaign< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > h) Prevention strategy resulting from EAB invasion; also helps contain Asian longhorned beetle< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > i) Apply systemic insecticide in late fall after leaves drop for maximum CMBS uptake< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > j) Biological control using native generalist predators that fully suppress EAB without chemical assistance< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > < strong > Answer Key:< / strong >
1 → b, 2 → c, 3 → d, 4 → e, 5 → f, 6 → a, 7 → g, 8 → h< / p >
< p > < strong > Distractors:< / strong > i (no fall application timing was described for CMBS soil treatment), j (Dr. Graziosi stated native natural enemies alone are not enough for EAB and biological control has not been fully successful yet)< / p >
< p > < strong > Source in transcript:< / strong > EAB chemical control ~22:34– – – – – – < / p >
< hr / >
< h3 id = "matching-exercise-3-spiral-of-tree-decline-and-disease-triangle-concepts" > Matching Exercise 3: Spiral of Tree Decline and Disease Triangle Concepts< a class = "headerlink" href = "#matching-exercise-3-spiral-of-tree-decline-and-disease-triangle-concepts" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > < strong > Timestamp Reference:< / strong > 1:28 –
< strong > Type:< / strong > Timing-Practice / Concept Application< / p >
< p > < strong > Instructions:< / strong > Match each factor or concept in Column A with its correct classification or description from Column B as presented by Dr. Graziosi. Two items in Column B are distractors and will not be used.< / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > #< / th >
< th > Column A< / th >
< th > < / th >
< th > Column B< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 1< / td >
< td > Soil compaction< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > a) Inciting factor in the spiral of tree decline< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 2< / td >
< td > Defoliating insects< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > b) Predisposing factor; described as "often the number one issue for many trees"< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 3< / td >
< td > Wood-boring insects< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > c) Contributing factor in the innermost spiral< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 4< / td >
< td > Armillaria< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > d) Contributing factor; a fungal genus in the innermost spiral< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 5< / td >
< td > Genetic potential of the tree< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > e) Predisposing factor in the outermost spiral< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 6< / td >
< td > Drought< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > f) The outcome at the center of the spiral diagram< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 7< / td >
< td > Urban environment stress< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > g) Predisposing factor; described as stressful for the tree< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 8< / td >
< td > Nematodes< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > h) Contributing factor listed alongside wood-boring insects and fungi< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 9< / td >
< td > Death of the tree< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > i) Inciting factor alongside defoliating insects< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 10< / td >
< td > Urban heat island effect< / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > j) Stresses trees (increasing susceptibility) and accelerates insect development simultaneously< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > k) A predisposing factor that only affects conifers< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > < / td >
< td > l) An inciting factor that primarily affects root systems of aquatic plants< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > < strong > Answer Key:< / strong >
1 → b, 2 → a, 3 → c, 4 → d, 5 → e, 6 → i, 7 → g, 8 → h, 9 → f, 10 → j< / p >
< p > < strong > Distractors:< / strong > k (no conifer-specific predisposing factor discussed), l (no aquatic plant context discussed)< / p >
< p > < strong > Source in transcript:< / strong > Spiral of decline ~3:02– – – – < / p >
< hr / >
< h2 id = "verification-checklist" > Verification Checklist< a class = "headerlink" href = "#verification-checklist" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > [x] All terms, definitions, and relationships derived directly from the presentation< / li >
< li > [x] No general textbook knowledge used — only speaker's content< / li >
< li > [x] Matching items unambiguous based on presentation content< / li >
< li > [x] Each exercise includes 2 plausible distractors< / li >
< li > [x] Timestamp references verified against corrected transcript< / li >
< li > [x] Answer keys correct and unambiguous per speaker's statements< / li >
< li > [x] Coverage spans all major presentation sections< / li >
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